Online Safety
Module 5: Hate Speech and Radicalisation
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The Council of Europe defines hate speech as covering "all forms of expression which spread, incite, promote or justify racial hatred, xenophobia, anti-Semitism or other forms of hatred based on intolerance, including: intolerance expressed by aggressive nationalism and ethnocentrism, discrimination and hostility against minorities, migrants and people of immigrant origin."
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5.1 What is online hate speech?
A handbook on Council of Europe standards on media’s contribution to social cohesion, intercultural dialogue, understanding, tolerance and democratic participation. Online hate speech and radicalisation are often mentioned in one breath. However, one could argue that the underlying problem and mechanisms are actually quite different.
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5.2 What is online radicalisation?
Violent radicalisation online is a complex process whereby individuals, through their online interactions and exposure to various types of internet content, come to view violence as a legitimate method of solving social and political conflicts. Some of those violently radicalised via the internet may go on to commit acts of terrorism. |
5.3 Educational approaches to promote critical thinking and mutual respect
5.4 Counterspeech and other forms of campaigning
5.5. The role of industry
5.6. Criminal law and law enforcement